№ 4 (October-December 2021)
- Antonov G. A. CRITICAL THINKING AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PHENOMENON AND RESEARCH TOPIC
Annotation. The development of students’ independent thinking is one of the highest priority tasks of modern pedagogical science. This vision of the goals and objectives of secondary educational institutions underlies the implementation of the phenomenon of self-education at the intersection of pedagogy and psychology and is associated with the following concepts of critical thinking and reflection. As in one of the main expressions of mental activity, in critical thinking cognitive strategies or technologies are used, the purpose of which is to qualitatively improve the final result and increase the very possibility of achieving it. It is effective to use this type of thinking especially for making responsible decisions, performing multicomponent tasks and for summing up the results of complex projects. Also, critical thinking allows a person not only to approach the analysis of any statements in a non-standard way, but also makes it possible to master a huge and constantly changing flow of information, which is becoming increasingly important in the modern world. The ability to efficiently and consciously process and pass large amounts of information through oneself is an integral quality of a person of the 21st century. In addition, the implementation of a personality-oriented approach is ensured through the use of technology of critical thinking, and one of the key competencies of education is implemented — «teach to learn». This is especially true for students for whom this type of thinking makes it possible to process constantly incoming new information, to systematize it. The use of critical thinking technology develops skills that allow students to acquire and subsequently apply new knowledge on their own, relying on previously acquired and reflected experience. As a result, the student not only begins to study independently, but also develops the ability to express thoughts orally and in writing clearly and with sufficient speed.
Key words: critical thinking, self-education, reflection, types of thinking, pedagogical technologies.
- Frolova E.A., Assuirova L.V. TEACHING YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND READING BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF «NATURE» ON THE EXAMPLE OF UMK «HARMONY»
Annotation. The article is devoted to the possibilities of teaching younger schoolchildren the Russian language (during the period of literacy) and reading based on the end approach. This methodological approach has become relevant and in demand in the educational process in recent years. The authors conclude that the concept carries a value meaning, therefore, learning based on it contributes to the assimilation of the Russian language and the understanding of conceptual moments for a person. The concept is a product of speech, it finds embodiment in a word, utterance, text created on the basis of background knowledge and directed at the listener or reader. It is an expression of a certain meaning that is valuable for the creator of the text and the transmission of this meaning. Therefore, it is interesting to see how a certain concept is implemented in textbooks for elementary school. The authors consider how the concept of «nature» is presented on the pages of the «Primer», edited by M.S. Soloveitchik, and the «Literary Reading» by O.V. Kubasova. The analysis shows a large number of appeals from textbook authors to this concept, which allows us to help elementary school students develop an interest in the world around us.
Key words: Concept, conceptual approach, concept «nature», textbook, cognition.
- Bogdashkina S.V., Maskayeva V.A., Startsev A.V. PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH A HUMOROUS TINGE AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD OF MORDVINS
Annotation. Abstract. In this paper, phraseological units with a humorous tinge are analyzed as a means of expressing the linguistic picture of the world of Mordvins, in addition, a multidimensional consideration of the concept of «picture of the world» is given, the opinions of scientists (in particular, I. Herder, G.A. Brutyan, Yu.N. Karaulov, G.V. Kolshansky, V.I. Postovalov, B.A. Serebrennikov, V.N. Telia, V/V. Morkovkin, N.N. Goncharova, D.V. Berdnikova) are given, revealing the essence of concepts in different ways «language picture of the world» and «conceptual (logical) picture of the world». This article aims to study phraseological units with a humorous connotation as a means of expressing the linguistic picture of the world of Mordvins. The leading research method in the work is descriptive, which involves a comprehensive analysis of phraseological units of the semantic group under consideration, taken from Mordovian fiction. In addition, the paper analyzes the means of artistic expression and linguistic mechanisms used to create humorous effects, and also provides researchers who consider in detail the humorous connotation in the semantics of phraseological units (I.V. Arnold, S.V. Bogdashkina, G.F. Popova, A.F. Artemova, E.A. Pogarskaya, N.M. Shansky). This article describes the most important models of contextual use of phraseological units in satirical and humorous texts. The result of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the structure and semantics of phraseological units of an ironic nature as a means of expressing the linguistic picture of the world of Mordvins, since it is these stable expressions, being units of secondary nomination, that contribute to the expression of the speaker’s value attitude to the world being known, his subjective attitude to life realities, personalities.
Key words: phraseological unit, worldview, phraseological derivative, artistic text, synonymic relations, neologism.
- Burdina B.Y. SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Annotation. Socialization of persons with disabilities is one of the strategic directions of the state policy in the field of education. After all, a person becomes a person only in the process of socialization, thanks to which he acquires the ability to perform social functions, becomes an educated, cultured, educated person. Purposefully organized process of socialization management is called education. Education is understood as a single process of physical and spiritual formation of a person. School education is an integral part of social education. It is based on the unity and interaction of knowledge about the social and individual life of a person. Training is the main (first) the side of the child’s socialization. Education is the second side of the child’s socialization after learning, the acquisition of human life experience by him. The mechanisms of human acquisition of social experience are common for education and upbringing, and the results oflearning are specific. The socialization of children with disabilities depends on disorders, underdevelopment of higher mental functions, as well as on the social side. The key point should be the conviction that children with disabilities do not adapt to society, but are included in life on their own terms, which society accepts and takes into account. Inclusive education is the process of developing general education, which implies its accessibility for everyone in terms of adapting to the needs of each child, regardless of his or her state of health.
Key words: socialization, education, limited health opportunities, pedagogical process, inclusive education.
- Demidova E. A. EDUCATIONAL LOGISTICS OF COMPETITIVE RESEARCH OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM APPROACH
Annotation. Logistics plays an important role in our everyday life. It is the foundation that affects both companies and general consumers. Logistics is traditionally tied to problems of product supply and product delivery. However, logistics is a solution to the problems of optimising various processes, including educational ones. Due to the logistic perspective it is possible to distance from traditional aspects of reviewing educational process (from the pedagogical, didactic and psychological points of view) and focus on structural problems and management specific. Logistics is an ecosystem in which all industries and members rely on each other. The article covers a way of building an individual route for a schoolchildren who conducts a research in a natural science field for a competition.
Key words: educational logistics, project work, research work, schoolchildren, ecosystem approach.
- Desyayev S.N. ADULT CHILD JOURNALISM
Annotation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of «children’s journalism», which lies in the border area of pedagogy and journalism. Based on content analysis, the author examines the essential features of this category, noted in a number of definitions and implemented in the practice of employees of children’s periodicals. The article traces the specifics of children’s print and electronic media, examines the features of children’s Internet publications.
Key words: children’s journalism, genres of children’s media, communication science, the blogosphere, the language of children’s online journalism.
- Kozina E.F., Smirnova M.S. METHODICAL THINKING OF AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER: PROBLEMS AND SPECIFICS OF FORMATION
Annotation. The authors of this article turn to the disclosure of the content of the concept of «methodological thinking», they have reliably determined the specifics of its formation in future primary school teachers using the example of specific subject material. The experience of applying various teaching technologies for this purpose in the process of mastering by students of disciplines related to the preparation for teaching subjects of the field «Social Science and Natural Science (The Surrounding World)» is presented. In particular, the use of problem-dialogic training, active teaching methods, case technologies, etc., including in the conditions of distance learning, taking into account the digitalization of the educational environment, is shown.
Key words: methodical thinking, preparation of primary school teachers, problem-dialogic training, subject area «Social science and natural science (The surrounding world)», case technology, active teaching methods.
- Koshenova M.I., Volokhova V.I., Nesterova S. B. FEATURES OF SELF-CONCEPT IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF PARENTS’ TRAINING TYPES OF EDUCATION
Annotation. The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of parental education on the development of the self-concept in the period of early youth. The need to study the types of upbringing practiced by parents to understand the mechanisms of personality formation «at the door of majority» related to solving the problems of forming and realizing the identity of young men and girls, gaining experience in building close relationships outside parental figures is justified. Results of empirical study of relationship of type of parental education and features of «self-concept» of personality of early youthful age are presented. The participants in the study were boys and girls 16-18 years old. The psychodiagnostic block included the questionnaire «Teenagers about parents» (L.I. Wasserman, I.A. Gorkovaya, E.E. Romitsyna), «Self-Concept Scale» (E. Pearce, D. Harris, adaptation A.M. Prikhozhan (A.M. Prikhozhan, N.N. Tolstykh, 2005), for ensuring reliability of conclusions Spirmen’ index of correlation of ranks was used.
According to the results of correlation analysis, it was revealed that similar types of parental education have different effects on the formation of the «self-concept» of boys and girls. It is shown that the style of parental education, both mother and father, is more important for the formation of the self-concept of girls than boys.
The need for researchers and practitioners to understand the gender specifics of child-parental relations in the period of early youth, overcoming common stereotypes and simplified schemes is proved.
Key words: parental education, types of parental education, styles of family education, self-concept, adolescence.
- Lomakina E.V., Terov A.A. SOME ASPECTS OF CONSIDERATION OF REFLECTION IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN STUDIES
Annotation. the article presents an overview of aspects to understanding the term «reflection» in philosophy and pedagogy. The positions of researchers in domestic and foreign science are highlighted. The main categories of reflection in pedagogy are defined: introspection, change and transformation, the ability to focus on oneself. Reflection is presented as an activity —– cooperative, communicative, personal, intellectual. The interrelation of reflection with communication and cooperation of participants in the educational process at the present stage is reflected.
Key words: reflection, technique, «practical reflection», self-determination, self-development, subject-subject relations.
- Nikolaeva E.A., Stelmakhova L. A. INTERPRETATION OF ARTISTIC TEXT AS A BASIS FOR FORMING ETHICAL CONCEPTS OF YOUNGER SCHOOLERS
Annotation. The article discusses the issue of the great ethical potential that a literary text has, which is studied in the lessons of speech development in elementary school. It is emphasized that a literary text acts as a rich material, the correct and methodologically correct interpretation of which will allow organizing an ethical impact on students. It is noted that almost every work studied in speech development lessons can act as the basis for the formation of moral and ethical qualities of students. The most effective for the formation of ethical ideas of primary schoolchildren in speech development lessons is the interpretation of a literary text, during which not only the meaning is extracted and the author’s intentions are revealed, but also moral and ethical norms are accentuated. A system of methods of interpretation of a literary text has been developed, with the aim of actualizing the ethical potential inherent in program works. The components of this system can be: assessment by a student under the guidance of a teacher of a literary hero, his behavior, words and deeds; establishing a connection with the student’s personal experience, allowing him to consider heroes and events based on the real life context; an appeal to the emotions of a young reader who is ready to lively experience what is happening with the heroes; predicting the student’s own actions in a situation similar to that described in the work; preparing the student for actions that are ethically justified, corresponding to moral and ethical standards. It is concluded that the teacher, his focus on the education of the student, the all-round development of his personality plays an important role in the organization of the formation of ethical ideas of primary schoolchildren.
Key words: primary school, speech development, literary text, interpretation, ethical representations, ethical (moral) education.